Nanomaterials modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of Sudan I in food

There is an urgent need to develop a highly sensitive detection system for detecting trace amount of food contaminants. The environmental analysis of Sudan I, a carcinogenic azo-dye, has attracted wide attention due to their increasing levels and high toxicities. Several methods have been developed to detect the presence of this compound. For example, analytical methods based on chromatography and spectroscopy has attracted significant attentions for the determination of Sudan I. However, these methods require complex separation processes, expensive equipment, toxic chemicals, long analysis times, and expert staff. Electroanalytical methods can be considered as promising alternative techniques due to their advantages such as simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, and fast analysis speed. Electroanalytical methods have been also investigated for the determination of Sudan I. Chemically modified electrodes have been widely used to counter the problems of poor sensitivity and selectivity faced at bare electrodes. We have reviewed the materials that have been extensively used to fabricate modified electrode surfaces for detection of Sudan I. The characteristics of the materials that improve the electrocatalytic activity of the modified surfaces are discussed.