Twisted symmetric trilayer graphene: Single-particle and many-body Hamiltonians and hidden nonlocal symmetries of trilayer moire systems with and without displacement field

We derive the Hamiltonian for trilayer moire systems with the Coulomb interaction projected onto the bands near the charge neutrality point. Motivated by the latest experimental results, we focus on the twisted symmetric trilayer graphene (TSTG) with a mirror symmetry with respect to the middle layer. We provide a full symmetry analysis of the noninteracting Hamiltonian with a perpendicular displacement field coupling the band structure made otherwise of the twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and the high-velocity Dirac fermions, and we identify a hidden nonlocal symmetry of the problem. In the presence of this displacement field, we construct an approximate single-particle model, akin to the tripod model for TBG, capturing the essence of noninteracting TSTG. We also derive more quantitative perturbation schemes for the low-energy physics of TSTG with displacement field, obtaining the corresponding eigenstates. This allows us to obtain the Coulomb interaction Hamiltonian projected in the active band TSTG wave functions and derive the full many-body Hamiltonian of the system. We also provide an efficient parametrization of the interacting Hamiltonian. Finally, we show that the discrete symmetries at the single-particle level promote the U(2) x U(2) spin-valley symmetry to enlarged symmetry groups of the interacting problem under different limits. The interacting part of the Hamiltonian exhibits a large U(4) x U(4) x U(4) x U(4) symmetry in the chiral limit. Moreover, by identifying a symmetry which we dub spatial many-body charge conjugation, we show that the physics of TSTG is symmetric around charge neutrality.