The densification of hay into pellets will be a complex undertaking, strongly affected by its raw material characteristics as well as the technology used. The physical-mechanical properties of such pellets are most important and highly dependent on grinding, conditioning and the operation of the pellet press. This study tries to evaluate the most efficient way of producing high quality hay pellets by finding the lowest specific energy input while achieving the highest bulk density and durability values of the pellets in accordance with ISO 17225-6, Therefore, the performance of three different grinding techniques was researched: cutting, impact and hammer mill with different influencing parameters (mesh sizes of 2, 4, and 6 mm, with or without additional aspiration). Afterwards, the densification of the ground material in a ring die press was investigated. Eventually, a hammer mill with a 4 mm mesh was found to yield hay pellets with the required bulk density and durability while having the lowest specific energy input (E (spec,total) 157 Wh/kg). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
