Intraosseous Neurofibroma of Mandible in a 5-Year-Old: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Neurofibromas are benign tumours originating from the peripheral nerve sheath mainly the endoneurium. The lesion can occur in a solitary form or as multiple tumours associated with neurofibromatosis (NF-1), which is also known as von Recklinghausen's disease. Intraosseous neurofibromas are exceedingly rare with only less than 50 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of paediatric neurofibroma of the mandible which is even more rare with only 9 cases reported so far. Hence, systematic and thorough investigations are mandatory to correctly diagnose and plan appropriate treatment for intraosseous neurofibroma because of the rarity of the lesion in the paediatric age group. The clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges and treatment plan with a thorough review of literature have been addressed in this case report. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of pediatric intraosseous neurofibroma and to stress the importance of considering such a rare lesion in the differential diagnosis of jaw lesions, especially in children to reduce functional and aesthetic morbidity.