New benzodiazepines for sedation

被引：85

作者：

Cornett, Elyse M. ^{[1
]}

Novitch, Matthew B. ^{[2
]}

Brunk, Andrew J. ^{[3
]}

Davidson, Kelly S. ^{[3
]}

Menard, Bethany L. ^{[3
]}

Urman, Richard D. ^{[4
]}

Kaye, Alan D. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] LSU Hlth Shreveport, Dept Anesthesiol, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA

[2] Med Coll Wisconsin, 333 Pine Ridge Blvd,Suite 2-730, Wausau, WI 54476 USA

[3] LSU Hlth New Orleans, Dept Anesthesiol, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA

[4] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA

来源：

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH-CLINICAL ANAESTHESIOLOGY | 2018年 / 32卷 / 02期

关键词：

benzodiazepines; sedation; non-benzodiazepine; novel benzodiazepines; derivatives; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINE; DOUBLE-BLIND; CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; ETIZOLAM;

D O I：

10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.007

中图分类号：

R614 [麻醉学];

学科分类号：

100217 ;

摘要：

There are currently new drugs being developed that have benzodiazepine properties. This review will examine remimazolam, 3-hydroxyphenazapam, adinazolam, clonazolam, and deschloroetizolam as well as other novel agents. All benzodiazepines are protein bound and only moderately lipid soluble. In addition to their baseline properties, they can be enzymatically broken down into active metabolites. The mechanism of action of these medications is related to polysynaptic pathway inhibition via direct interaction with GABA and modifiable chloride channels. The main neurological areas of involvement are primarily the amygdala and reticular activating system. Benzodiazepines are used for sedation and for adjuvants to general anesthetics and not as primary induction agents. We describe the characteristics of newer drugs being developed, including their pharmacologic profile, side effects and efficacy, as well as the most recent clinical trials and future directions in benzodiazepine development. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：149 / 164

页数：16

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