Severe spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema precipitated by pepper spray-induced acute laryngitis: a case report

We report a patient with severe spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM), pneumothorax and widespread subcutaneous emphysema with acute epiglottitis after inhaling pepper spray. The effects of pepper spray, which is a lachrymatory agent, on the respiratory system have not been reported. Upper airway obstruction is not a well-described cause of SPM, with which subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax might coexist; thus, mechanical ventilation might be detrimental. This research was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.