Sporotrichoid distributed tuberculous panniculitis as a late complication of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy

An 82-year-old man presented with unilateral oedema of the right lower limb overlaid with multiple sporotrichoid distributed panniculitis lesions. These symptoms appeared in a context of immunodepression and were associated with significant weight loss and a deterioration in general condition. The patient's medical history, the histological findings, PCR testing, and bacterial culture led to a diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis. This infection occurred as a late complication of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations that the patient had received as an adjunctive immunotherapy for bladder cancer. This is an unusual clinical presentation and aetiology of cutaneous tuberculosis. Indeed, the observed sporotrichoid pattern is uncommon for tuberculous mycobacteria. Moreover, the occurrence of tuberculous skin lesions after intravesical BCG instillations is extremely rare, with only a few cases described, and, to the authors' knowledge, none with such a clinical presentation. This case report suggests that a medical history of BCG immunotherapy should always be considered when assessing any infectious-type cutaneous lesions and that skin should be regarded as a possible late localization of infectious complications of this treatment. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).