Deep learning for spin-orbit torque characterizations with a projected vector field magnet

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) characterizations on magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular anisotropy are demonstrated on a projected vector field magnet via hysteresis loop shift measurement and harmonic Hall measurement with planar Hall correction. Accurate magnetic field calibration of the vector magnet is realized with the help of deep learning models, which can capture the nonlinear behavior between the generated magnetic field and the currents applied to the magnet. The trained models can successfully predict the applied current combinations under the circumstances of magnetic field scans, angle scans, and hysteresis loop shift measurements. The validity of the models is further verified, complemented by the comparison of the SOT characterization results obtained from the deep-learning-trained vector magnet system with those obtained from a conventional setup comprised of two separated electromagnets. The dampinglike (DL) SOT efficiencies (|xi(DL)|) extracted from the vector magnet and the traditional measurement configuration are consistent, where |xi(DL)| approximate to 0.22 for amorphous W and |xi(DL)| approximate to 0.02 for alpha-W. In this paper, we provide an advanced method to meticulously control a vector magnet and to conveniently perform various SOT characterizations.