Fluorescein Angiography Findings in Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the retinal and vasculature changes in infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) using fluorescein angiography (FA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This consecutive case series included six infants with CZS. FA and color fundus imaging were performed under general anesthesia in both eyes of all infants using a contact widefield digital imaging system. All color fundus images were obtained using a 130 degrees field of view lens, and the FA images were captured using either a 130 degrees or 80 degrees field of view lens. The immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive for Zika virus in the cerebrospinal fluid samples of all infants. Other congenital infections were ruled out. RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation age of the infants at the time of examination was 1.4 years +/- 0.1 years (range: 1.3 years to 1.5 years). Contact fundus photographs showed macular abnormalities in seven eyes (58%) and retinal vasculature changes in two eyes (17%). FA detected macular abnormalities in all 12 eyes (100%) and retinal vasculature changes in five eyes (42%). The main retinal vasculature changes were peripheral avascularity in five eyes (42%) and microvasculature abnormalities in three eyes (25%). CONCLUSION: FA may be an important tool for detecting subtle macular and retinal vasculature changes in CZS.