Cu-doped Ni-LDH with abundant oxygen vacancies for enhanced methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation: key role of superoxide radicals

Oxygen vacancies (OVs) were introduced into Ni-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) through Cu doping, and the catalytic performance of the resulting NixCu-LDHs were investigated for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MeP) degradation. Compared with that of Ni-LDH, the catalytic performance of NixCu-LDHs were significantly enhanced and increased with increasing OV content in the catalysts, indicating that Cu doping introduced OVs into NixCu-LDHs and greatly improved their catalytic activity with PMS. Quenching experiments and EPR analyses confirmed that oxidation processes dominated by superoxide radicals (O-2(center dot)) and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)), rather than sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot) or hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot) used by traditional LDH catalysts, were responsible for MeP degradation by Ni15Cu-LDHs. In addition, quenching experiments with different systems showed the fate of reduced SO4 center dot and center dot OH, and demonstrated that O-2(center dot) and O-1(2) concentrations grew with increasing OV content, confirming that the presence of OVs affected the process of PMS activation. Notably, O-2(center dot) mainly originated from adsorbed oxygen or dissolved oxygen (DO) by acquiring electrons from OVs in Ni(15)CuLDHs, since OVs possess abundant localized electrons. Consequently, an OV-mediated oxidative mechanism was proposed for Ni15Cu-LDHs/PMS. This study provides new clues for enhancing the catalytic performance of LDH catalysts by introducing OVs via metal doping in PMS-based AOPs systems. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.