Green spaces mitigate racial disparity of health: A higher ratio of green spaces indicates a lower racial disparity in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in the USA

被引:67
作者
Lu, Yi [1 ]
Chen, Long [1 ]
Liu, Xueming [2 ]
Yang, Yuwen [2 ,3 ]
Sullivan, William C. [4 ]
Xu, Wenyan [2 ,3 ]
Webster, Chris [5 ]
Jiang, Bin [2 ,5 ]
机构
[1] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Architecture & Civil Engn, Coll Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Hong Kong, Virtual Real Lab Urban Environm & Human Hlth, HKUrbanLabs, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Architecture, Div Landscape Architecture, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Illinois, Hlth Communities Initiat, Smart, Champaign, IL USA
[5] Univ Hong Kong, Fac Architecture, HKUrbanLabs, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
关键词
Racial disparity; Health disparity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Green space; Mechanism; INNER-CITY; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; URBAN; COVER; PARKS;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106465
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
There is striking racial disparity in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in the United States. We hypothesize that the disparity is significantly smaller in areas with a higher ratio of green spaces. County level data on the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of black and white individuals in 135 of the most urbanized counties across the United States were collected. The total population in these counties is 132,350,027, comprising 40.3% of the U.S. population. The ratio of green spaces by land-cover type in each county was extracted from satellite imagery. A hierarchical regression analysis measured cross-sectional associations between racial disparity in infection rates and green spaces, after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, pre-existing chronic disease, and built-up area factors. We found a higher ratio of green spaces at the county level is significantly associated with a lower racial disparity in infection rates. Four types of green space have significant negative associations with the racial disparity in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. A theoretical model with five core mechanisms and one circumstantial mechanism is presented to interpret the findings.
引用
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页数:13
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