Effect of Soybean-based Food Supplement on Insulin and Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Administration of soy may stimulate increase levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Giving soy supplements to people with diabetes can reduce blood glucose levels significantly. However, no studies have shown this reduction effect of glucose level back to normal levels. This study aimed to determine the blood insulin and glucose levels after supplementation of soybean-based food supplements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the sequencee of DNA of GLP-1 gene. This experimental study was a randomized, treatment controlled; open clinical trial study conducted by comparing the group treated with soybean supplement products containing 18g protein and the group of placebo. Seventy-six, subjects with T2DM were recruited from Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and PERSADIA Gymnastics, Yogyakarta, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subyects were grouped randomly into the supplement group and placebo group. Blood sampling was drawn at 8h fasting, 2h after administration of supplement and 2h after administration of 75g glucose. The determination of blood insulin and glucose level and DNA sequencing were performed. Blood insulin level 2h after supplement administration (mean +/- SEM) increased 5.3 +/- 0.8 mu IU/mL (n=37) while placebo decreased 0.9 +/- 0.4 mu IU/mL (n=39) which was significantly different (p<0.05). In both groups blood glucose levels incresed as much as 130.0 +/- 11.5mg/dl (n=37) and 146.7 +/- 8.2mg/dL (n=39) (p>0.05), for the supplement treated and placebo groups, respectively. DNA sequencing shows a nucleotide variation of GLP-1 (37 amino acid) in Javanese T2DM. It may be concluded that administration of soybean-based supplements containing 18g protein increased blood insulin levels and decreased blood glucose levels.