Raman spectra of a lower Cambrian ctenophore embryo from southwestern Shaanxi, China

被引:65
作者
Chen, Jun-Yuan [1 ]
Schopf, J. William
Bottjer, David J.
Zhang, Chen-Yu
Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.
Tripathi, Abhishek B.
Wang, Xiu-Qiang
Yang, Yong-Hua
Gao, Xiang
Yang, Ying
机构
[1] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing Int Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China
[2] Nanjing Univ, Int Evo Dev Biol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China
[3] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[5] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Study Evolut & Origin Life, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[6] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[7] Univ Calif Los Angeles, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[8] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
关键词
comb jelly; confocal laser scanning microscopy; Meishucun fossil assemblage; Ningqiang fossil fauna;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0701246104
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The Early Cambrian (approximate to 540 million years old) Meishucun fossil assemblage of Ningqiang County (Shaanxi Province), China, contains the oldest complex skeletonized organisms known in the geological record. We here report the finding in this assemblage of an exquisitely preserved late-stage embryo of a ctenophore ("comb jelly"), its fine structure documented by confocal laser scanning microscopy and shown by Raman spectroscopy to be composed of carbonaceous kerogen permineralized in apatite. In its spheroidal morphology, the presence of eight comb rows and the absence of tentacles, this embryo resembles an adult ctenophore (Maotianoascus octonarius) known from the immediately younger Chengjiang fauna of Yunnan, China. The oldest ctenophore and the only embryonic comb jelly known from the fossil record, this exceptionally well preserved specimen provides important clues about the early evolution of the phylum Ctenophora and of metazoans in general.
引用
收藏
页码:6289 / 6292
页数:4
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