Deep Impact: Optical spectroscopy and photometry obtained at MIRA

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations, spanning the optical UV to the far red, before, during, and after the NASA Deep Impact event of July 4, 2005. The inner 2000 km of the pre- and post-impact coma was about 0.3 magnitude redder in B-R than in the outer coma. The pre-impact spectrum was a faint reflected solar spectrum dominated by molecular emissions extending > 40,000 km from the nucleus. The post-impact light curve in R and I showed a rapid rise consistent with an expanding optically thick cloud during the first 18 min after impact. During the next 8 min the cloud became optically thin. Sixty minutes after impact the impact R-band flux reached a plateau at 7.5 x 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1) angstrom(-1), the comet brightening by a factor of similar to 4.3 above its pre-impact value observed in a 15" aperture. The mean expansion velocity of the grains during the first 49 min was 229 49 m s-1. The spectrum became dominated by scattered sunlight during the first hour after impact. The volume scattering function (VSF) observed 32 min after impact shows strong reddening. At 49 min, however, the VSF shows an additional twofold increase in the blue but only a 20% increase at 5500 angstrom. Post-impact spectra and R-I photometry showed rapid reddening. The particle size distribution, dominated by 1-2.5 mu m particles shortly after impact, changed dramatically during the first hour due to sublimation of water-ice particles of this size. On the night following impact the comet was still substantially brighter than before impact, but R-I had returned to its pre-impact value. B-R remained significantly redder. The ejecta 25 h after impact was fan-shaped subtending similar to 180 degrees roughly symmetrical about position angle 225 degrees. The mean expansion velocity 90 degrees from the direction to the Sun was 185 +/- 112 ms-I. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.