Metabolic Profile, Nutritional Status and Determinants of Glycaemic Control in Algerian Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Objective: To identify the metabolic profile, the nutritional status and major risk factors influencing glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients in Algeria Design: Prospective study Setting: Public Establishment of Local Health (Larbi Ben M'hidi Diabetes Centre), Wilaya of Sidi-Bel-Abbes in North-Western Algeria Subjects: Two hundred and ten adult subjects with a confirmed type 2 diabetes diagnosis for at least six months and under diet and/or oral anti-diabetic agents Interventions: Anthropometrics, blood glycaemic parameters, lipid profile and blood pressure were measured. Individual risk factors examined in relation to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels Main outcome measures: Only 51.4% of patients achieved the target for HbA1c <= 48 mmol/ mol (<= 6.5%) with no significant difference between genders. Results: In the studied type 2 diabetic patients, the mean value of HbA1c was 59.13 +/- 9.51 mmol/ mol (58.03 +/- 9.51 in males and 59.78 +/- 9.51 in females). The proportions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the daily caloric intake were consistent with the recommended values. High waist circumference was found to be a significant predictor of increased HbA1c level (OR = 1.933 [ 1.216 - 10.435], p = 0.020). Patients who were taking one or two types of oral antidiabetic medications had 5.966 (2.571 - 13.841) (p = 0.001) and 18.915 (6.216 - 57.557) (p = 0.001) higher odds of poor glycaemic control respectively compared to those treated by diet alone. Conclusion: The proportion of poor glycaemic control is relatively high among Algerian type 2 diabetic patients. High levels of HbA1c are associated with high waist circumference, type of treatment and number of medications that are modifiable factors.