Emerging polymeric carbon nitride Z-scheme systems for photocatalysis

Polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based Z-scheme photocatalysts have attracted widespread attention owing to their notable light-harvesting capability, spatially separated reductive and oxidative active sites, and strong redox ability. This review article presents a panorama of the latest developments of g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for various applications. The development status and basic working principle of g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts is introduced. After that, the characterization technologies for g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts are discussed. Later, a series of representative g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for various photocatalytic applications, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, N-2 fixation, and H2O2 production are exemplified Finally, this review offers some perspectives on the major challenges and opportunities for future research in this emerging field. There is little doubt that advanced g-C3N4-based Z-scheme nanostructured materials could act as highly efficient photocatalysts to achieve new breakthroughs for diverse photocatalysis applications.