This study investigated the magnitude of wet weather overflow (WWO)-driven sewage pollution in an urban lake (Lake Parramatta) located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Water samples were collected during a dry weather period and after two storm events, and tested for a range of novel and established sewage-[Bacteroides HF183, crAssphage CPQ_056 and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)] and animal feces-associated (Bacteroides BacCan-UCD, cowM2 and Helicobacter spp. associated GFD) microbial source tracking marker genes along with the enumeration of culturable fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus spp. The magnitude of general and source-specific fecal pollution was low in water samples collected during dry weather compared to storm events. The levels of HF183, crAssphage and PMMoV in water samples collected during storm events were as high as 6.39, 6.33 and 5.27 log(10) GC/L of water, respectively. Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed among the quantitative occurrence of sewage-associated marker genes. The concentrations of HF183 and PMMoV in most storm water samples exceeded the risk benchmark threshold values established in the literature for primary contact recreators. None of the samples tested was positive for the cowM2 (cow) marker gene, while BacCan-UCD (dog) and GFD (avian) animal-associated markers were sporadically detected in water samples collected from both dry weather and storm events. Based on the results, the ongoing advice that swimming should be avoided for several days after storm events appears appropriate. Further research to determine the decay rates of sewage-associated marker genes in relation to each other and enteric viruses would help refine current advice. Microbial source tracking approaches employed in this study provided insights into sources of contamination over currently used FIB.
机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Ahmed, W.
;
Harwood, V. J.
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Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USACSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Harwood, V. J.
;
Gyawali, P.
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机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Gyawali, P.
;
Sidhu, J. P. S.
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机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Sidhu, J. P. S.
;
Toze, S.
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机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Ahmed, W.
;
Harwood, V. J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USACSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Harwood, V. J.
;
Gyawali, P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Gyawali, P.
;
Sidhu, J. P. S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Sidhu, J. P. S.
;
Toze, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
CSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaCSIRO Land & Water Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia