The Effect of Abscicsic Acid and Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Different Temperatures on the Cryopreservation Process of Abies nordmanniana Embryogenic Callus

The research on the Nordmann fir's callus cryopreservation showed that comparing the two tested cryoprotectants, the pretreatment-phase-introduced abscisic acid (ABA), the protectant that plays an important role in the water management regulation and adaptation to extreme environments (including low temperatures) proved to be more effective than dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is applied on a larger scale, but mutagenic cryoprotectant. Moreover, the use of sudden temperature changes during the process of rapid freezing and thawing caused a 65% increase in the survival rate in comparison to slow freezing and thawing of A. nordmanniana callus tissues.