The genes polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and AGT T174M in patients with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis

Background: Elevated level of angiotensinogen (AGT), a major precursor in the hypertension pathogenesis, is governed by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AGT M235T and AGT T174M. However, during this time, inconsistency in this context was discovered. Objectives: To perform a meta-analysis regarding the correlation between the risk of essential hypertension and the polymorphisms of AGT M235T and AGT T174M. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted during January to February 2019. Information related to: author name and year, country of origin, disease end point, sample size of case and control, and genotype frequency of case and control were extracted from each study. To determine the correlation and effect estimates, data were assessed using fixed or random effect model. Results: A total of 41 papers regarding AGT M235T and 21 papers regarding AGT T174M was enrolled for meta-analysis. Our results found that, overall, increasing the risk of essential hypertension was observed in T allele of AGT M235T (OR95%CI = 1.15 [1.00-1.32], p = 0.0450). While, decreasing the risk was found in M allele (OR95%CI = 0.87 [0.76-1.00], p = 0.0450) and MM genotype (OR95%CI = 0.81 [0.66-0.99], p = 0.0360). For AGT T174M, M allele (OR95%CI = 1.17 [1.01-1.36], p = 0.0310) and TM genotype (OR95%CI = 1.18 [1.05-1.33], p = 0.0050) were associated with increasing the risk of essential hypertension, and decreasing the risk was observed in T allele (OR95%CI = 0.85 [0.74-0.99], p = 0.0310) and TT genotype (OR95%CI = 0.83 [0.71-0.96], p = 0.0140). Moreover, the association was also observed in genotyping method and Asian population sub-groups. In addition, our effect estimation revealed that AGT T174M gene polymorphism had stronger correlation with the risk of essential hypertension than AGT M235T. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis reveals that AGT T174M and AGT M235T are associated with the risk of essential hypertension.