Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol

Objective: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing ethinyl-estradiol are known to increase blood pressure (BP). We evaluated whether COCs containing estradiol (E2) influence 24-h ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) in normotensive and normal-weight women. Study design: Twenty-four-hour BP and HR were measured every 30 min with an ambulatory BP device in 18 normotensive healthy nonsmoking women prior to (Days 3-6 of menstrual cycle) and after 6 months of use (Days 20-24 of cycle 6) of a COC containing either a quadriphasic combination of E2 valerate plus dienogest (n=11) or a monophasic association of micronized E2 plus nomegestrol acetate (n=7). Results: Mean age and body mass index of the final sample were 32.50+/-7.49 years and 22.87+/-4.08, respectively. E2-based COCs induced no modification of 24-h systolic BP (+1.65+/-8.34 mmHg; p=.41), diastolic BP (+0.04+/-7.36 mmHg; p=.98), mean BP (+0.64+/-6.42 mmHg; p=.68) or HR (-0.72+/-5.86 beats/min; p=.61). Differences were not observed even when daytime or nighttime values were separately considered. Though this was not a comparative study, we did not find differences between the effects of the two formulations (24-h mean BP; p=.699). Conclusions: These data suggest a neutral effect of estradiol-based COCs on independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as BP or HR. Implications: BP and HR of normotensive women are not increased by E2-based COCs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.