A chlorophyll fluorescence index to estimate short-term rates of photosynthesis by intertidal microphytobenthos

An index based on chl a fluorescence quenching analysis was tested as a predictor of photosynthetic rates of undisturbed intertidal microphytobenthic assemblages. The fluorescence index, P-fluo , was derived from the combination of different chl a fluorescence parameters chosen to represent the two main sources of short-term variability in the community-level microphytobenthic photosynthesis: 1) the quantum yield of photosynthesis of the microalgae present in the photic zone of the sediment, phiP, and 2) the community-level efficiency of photosynthetic light absorption, epsilon, determined by the microalgal concentration in the photic zone. Variations in phiP were traced by the fluorescence index DeltaF/F-m ' (the effective quantum yield of charge separation at PSII), whereas changes in epsilon were followed by the fluorescence parameter F-o (dark or minimum fluorescence level). Gross photosynthetic rate, P, and fluorescence parameters were measured nondestructively and simultaneously under in situ conditions, on the same samples, using oxygen microelectrodes and pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry, respectively. Despite the large and uncorrelated hourly variability in irradiance, photosynthetic rate, and fluorescence parameters included in P-fluo , highly significant correlations between P-fluo and P were found for all the sampling periods, encompassing hourly, biweekly, and seasonal time scales. The variability in P explained by P-fluo ranged from 84.3% to 91.4% when sampling periods were considered separately and reached 81.1% when all data were pooled. The results of the study show that despite its simplicity, the index P-fluo can be used to trace short-term variations in the photosynthetic rate of undisturbed microphytobenthic assemblages undergoing rhythmic vertical migration.