Effect of hot water combined with glycine betaine alleviates chilling injury in cold-stored loquat fruit

The effect of hot water dipping (HW, 45 degrees C for 10 min) combined with glycine betaine (GB, 10 mmol L 1) treatment on chilling injury (CI), fruit quality and physiological changes in loquat fruit stored at 1 C were investigated. The results showed that treatment with HW or GB alone both significantly alleviated CI in loquat fruit compared with the control. The combined treatment of HW and GB was more effective in reducing CI and maintaining quality parameters than HW or GB alone. In addition, HW combined with GB treatment significantly reduced ion leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in loquat fruit. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were higher in the combined treatment than those in the control. The accumulation of proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in loquat fruit were also induced by the combination of HW and GB, which was explained by increase in metabolism enzyme activities such as 01-pyrroline-5carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), ornithine 8-aminotransferase (OAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). These results suggest that HW combined with GB treatment enhanced chilling tolerance in loquat fruit by inducing antioxidant enzymes activities and proline or GABA metabolism. The combination of HW and GB treatment could be a useful method to reduce CI in cold-stored loquat fruit, which has potential for application in the loquat industry. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.