High-gain and ultrawide-band graphene patch antenna with photonic crystal covering 96.48% of the terahertz band

With the recent advancement in high-frequency microwave devices and applications, graphenebased antennas are showing real potential due to the unique properties of graphene material and its ability to operate at terahertz communication band (0.1 THz-10 THz). Herein, a very high-gain and ultrawide-band graphene-based patch antenna is proposed with the application of photonic crystal and dielectric grating. The designed antenna possesses a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 9.552 THz with -10 dB operation from 0.448 THz to 10 THz, which is equivalent to 96.48 % of the complete terahertz communication band. Along with the ultrawide-band property, the antenna possesses a maximum gain of 21.22 dB and a maximum radiation efficiency of 93.23 %. The designed antenna is also analyzed for different periodicity, dimensions, and shapes of the photonic crystal. Where, the periodicity and dimensions of photonic crystal influence the antenna performance, the shape of the photonic crystal has little to no effect.