Staggered quadrupole ordering of the biquadratic exchange model on layered square lattices

We study the staggered quadrupole (SQ) phase transition of the biquadratic exchange model. While the ground state are multiply degenerated in this model, the SQ phase appears at sufficiently low finite temperatures on the three-dimensional lattice but does not appear on the two-dimensional lattice. We discuss dimensional crossover behavior of this phase transition by using Monte Carlo simulation together with the technique which translates the spin-1 biquadratic exchange model into a spin-L antiferromagnetic Ising 2 model under an external field. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.