Development of multiple-species 1 km x 1 km resolution hourly basis emissions inventory for Japan

A new atmospheric emissions inventory, called "EAGrid2000-Japan", was developed to provide reliable fundamental data for studies of the long-range transport of air pollution in the East Asia region, specifically targeting Japan, in the year 2000. In the development of this inventory, emissions from the Japanese region were estimated in detail with high temporal and spatial resolution: temporally, hourly by month, and spatially, 30" in latitude and 45" in longitude, equivalent to approximately 1 km x 1 km resolution. Anthropogenic annual emissions in Japan were estimated to be as follows: SO2, 0.87Tg; NOx, 2.4Tg; NMVOC, 2.0 Tg; NH3, 0.41 Tg; CO, 5.4 Tg; PM10, 0.19 Tg; PM2.5, 0.15 Tg; and CO2, 1.2 Pg. Using this detailed inventory, multiple nesting techniques can be applied to long-range transport model simulations to distinguish the contribution originating on the Asian continent from the local sources in the Japanese region. Also, the importance of emission variations, specifically diurnal, weekly and seasonal variations, was highlighted based on the estimations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.