Rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries: developments and prospects

Due to low cost, environmental friendliness, good safety, superior power density and ease of operation, rechargeable aqueous ion batteries can meet the technical requirements of large-scale energy storage. Compared with aqueous single ion batteries, rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries (RAHBs) have been receiving extensive interest owing to their higher operating voltage and energy density. In this review, we briefly describe the developments and challenges of rechargeable aqueous ion batteries in energy storage and systematically introduce the merits and progress of various rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries. The major issues of different combinations in aqueous hybrid ion batteries along with effective solving strategies are discussed, providing a new perspective for the design and construction of high performance aqueous ion batteries. Ultimately, the challenges and prospects of RAHBs are summarized for future research.