A Secure Communication Protocol with Privacy-Preserving Monitoring and Controllable Linkability for V2G

With the proliferation of electric vehicle (EV), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) plays an irreplaceable role in fine-tuning the balance between the generation and consumption in the smart grid. V2G system can bring a lot of social and technical benefits to not only the smart grid, but also to the EV users and environment. However, a significant barrier to the development of future V2G technologies and services is the contradictory between the V2G operators and the EV owners. In this paper, a secure communication protocol with privacy-preserving monitoring and controllable linkability for V2G is proposed to securely monitor the EV status information without privacy leakage. In the proposed protocol, not only identity privacy of EV can be protected, but also the sensitive information of the EV owner, such as expected time to leave, can be provided to the V2G operators without exposing the exact values. The V2G operators can customize statistic of EV users participating in V2G system by linking keys without violating the EV users' privacy, and the statistic results can be used for scheduling optimization, rewarding the valuable EV owners and ejecting dishonest EV owners. In addition, extensive performance evaluation also shows the communication cost and computation overhead of the proposed protocol is moderate for the onboard unit (OBU) in a vehicle which is not so-powerful in terms of computation and meet the time requirements of V2G activation.