Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences

被引：244

作者：

Na, Jinkyung ^{[1
]}

Grossmann, Igor ^{[1
]}

Varnum, Michael E. W. ^{[1
]}

Kitayama, Shinobu ^{[1
]}

Gonzalez, Richard ^{[1
]}

Nisbett, Richard E. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

来源：

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | 2010年 / 107卷 / 14期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

culture; personality trait; cognitive style; social orientation; INTERDEPENDENT SELF; UNITED-STATES; PERSONALITY; COGNITION; CONTEXT; JAPAN; INDEPENDENCE; ORIENTATION; PROFILES; BEHAVIOR;

D O I：

10.1073/pnas.1001911107

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

We show that differences in social orientation and in cognition that exist between cultures and social classes do not necessarily have counterparts in individual differences within those groups. Evidence comes from a large-scale study conducted with 10 measures of independent vs. interdependent social orientation and 10 measures of analytic vs. holistic cognitive style. The social measures successfully distinguish between interdependence (viewing oneself as embedded in relations with others) and independence (viewing oneself as disconnected from others) at the group level. However, the correlations among the measures were negligible. Similar results were obtained for the cognitive measures, for which there are no coherent individual differences despite the validity of the construct at the group level. We conclude that behavioral constructs that distinguish among groups need not be valid as measures of individual differences.

引用

页码：6192 / 6197

页数：6

共 56 条

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