Single-Antenna Microwave Ablation Under Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Guidance for Treatment of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preliminary Experience

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in selected patients. Institutional review board and informed consent were obtained. From December 2007 to January 2009, 12 patients (8 male, 4 female) were enrolled in a treatment group, in which percutaneous MWA of small RCCs was performed under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance. The tumors were 1.7-2.9 cm in diameter (mean diameter, 2.0 cm).Therapeutic effects were assessed at follow-up with computed tomography. All patients were followed up for 3-14 months (mean, 6 months) to observe the therapeutic effects and complications (according to SIR classification). Assessment was carried out with CT imaging. No severe complications or unexpected side effects were observed after the MWA procedures. In all cases technical success was achieved. Clinical effectiveness was 100%; none of the patients showed recurrence on imaging. In conclusion, our preliminary results support the use of MWA for the treatment of small renal tumors. This technology can be applied in select patients who are not candidates for surgery, as an alternative to other ablative techniques.