Assessment of the aggregation state of integral membrane proteins in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles using small angle neutron scattering

The assessment of the physical size of integral membrane protein complexes has generally been limited to samples solubilized in non-ionic detergent, a process which may introduce artifacts of unknown scope and severity. A system has been developed that allows observation of the small angle scattering profile of an integral membrane protein while incorporated in small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Contrast matching of isotopically substituted phospholipid eliminates the contribution of the bilayer to the observed scattering, resulting in a profile dependent only on the structure of the individual membrane protein complexes and their spatial arrangement in the vesicle. After appropriate compensation for their spatial arrangement, information about the molecular mass and radius of gyration of the individual complexes can be obtained. The validity of the approach has been established using monomeric bacteriorhodopsin as a model system. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.