Comparison of structural MRI brain measures between 1.5 and 3 T: Data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Multi-scanner MRI studies are reliant on understanding the apparent differences in imaging measures between different scanners. We provide a comprehensive analysis of T-1-weighted and diffusion MRI (dMRI) structural brain measures between a 1.5 T GE Signa Horizon HDx and a 3 T Siemens Magnetom Prisma using 91 community-dwelling older participants (aged 82 years). Although we found considerable differences in absolute measurements (global tissue volumes were measured as similar to 6-11% higher and fractional anisotropy [FA] was 33% higher at 3 T than at 1.5 T), between-scanner consistency was good to excellent for global volumetric and dMRI measures (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] range: .612-.993) and fair to good for 68 cortical regions (FreeSurfer) and cortical surface measures (mean ICC: .504-.763). Between-scanner consistency was fair for dMRI measures of 12 major white matter tracts (mean ICC: .475-.564), and the general factors of these tracts provided excellent consistency (ICC >= .769). Whole-brain structural networks provided good to excellent consistency for global metrics (ICC >= .612). Although consistency was poor for individual network connections (mean ICCs: .275-.280), this was driven by a large difference in network sparsity (.599 vs. .334), and consistency was improved when comparing only the connections present in every participant (mean ICCs: .533-.647). Regression-based k-fold cross-validation showed that, particularly for global volumes, between-scanner differences could be largely eliminated (R-2 range .615-.991). We conclude that low granularity measures of brain structure can be reliably matched between the scanners tested, but caution is warranted when combining high granularity information from different scanners.