Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence, Dietary Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Profile Among Overweight and Obese Adults 18-50 Years Old From the United Arab Emirates

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is among the highest worldwide, and metabolic syndrome predisposes to diabetes. Methods: We recruited 227 overweight/obese Emirati adults living in the city of Al-Ain, Emirati of Abu Dhabi to screen for the metabolic syndrome and to assess for the most relevant criteria for the metabolic syndrome in this population. We identified subjects as having the metabolic syndrome if they had three of the following characteristics: Waist circumference (WC) >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men; plasma glucose >5.5 mmol/L; blood pressure >130/85 mmHg, triglycerides (TG) >1.7 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1.0 mmol/L in men and <1.3 mmol/L in women. In addition to features of metabolic syndrome, lipoprotein subfractions and 24-hour dietary recalls were assessed in a random sample of participants. Results: A total of 92 subjects (40.5%) were classified as having metabolic syndrome. The most relevant clinical criteria associated with metabolic syndrome were large WC, high blood pressure, and low HDL-C. Only 7% of subjects had TG >1.7 mmol/L, whereas 95% had plasma LDL-C >2.6 mmol/L. In addition, subjects presented low concentrations of medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and small HDL subfractions in agreement with low concentrations of HDL-C and TG. Dietary analysis revealed high-energy consumption, with diets high in total carbohydrates, fat, and simple sugars. In addition, subjects were sedentary with only 14% of the population engaged in physical activity. Conclusions: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight/obese Emirati adults predisposes this population to increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Public health involvement targeting poor dietary habits and exercise programs among Emirati citizens is urgently needed.