A Large Fraction of Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors Experience Elevated Mass Loss Shortly Prior to Explosion

被引：109

作者：

Bruch, Rachel J. ^{[1
]}

Gal-Yam, Avishay ^{[1
]}

Schulze, Steve ^{[1
,2
]}

Yaron, Ofer ^{[1
]}

Yang, Yi ^{[1
]}

Soumagnac, Maayane ^{[1
]}

Rigault, Mickael ^{[3
]}

Strotjohann, Nora L. ^{[1
]}

Ofek, Eran ^{[1
]}

Sollerman, Jesper ^{[2
]}

Masci, Frank J. ^{[4
]}

Barbarino, Cristina ^{[5
]}

Ho, Anna Y. Q. ^{[6
,7
]}

Fremling, Christoffer ^{[8
]}

Perley, Daniel ^{[9
]}

Nordin, Jakob ^{[10
]}

Cenko, S. Bradley ^{[11
,12
]}

Adams, S. ^{[8
]}

Adreoni, Igor ^{[8
]}

Bellm, Eric C. ^{[13
]}

Blagorodnova, Nadia ^{[14
]}

Bulla, Mattia ^{[2
]}

Burdge, Kevin ^{[8
]}

De, Kishalay ^{[8
]}

Dhawan, Suhail ^{[2
]}

Drake, Andrew J. ^{[15
]}

Duev, Dmitry A. ^{[15
]}

Dugas, Alison ^{[16
]}

Graham, Matthew ^{[8
]}

Graham, Melissa L. ^{[17
]}

Irani, Ido ^{[1
]}

Jencson, Jacob ^{[8
]}

Karamehmetoglu, Emir ^{[2
,18
]}

Kasliwal, Mansi ^{[8
]}

Kim, Young-Lo ^{[3
]}

Kulkarni, Shrinivas ^{[8
]}

Kupfer, Thomas ^{[19
]}

Liang, Jingyi ^{[1
]}

Mahabal, Ashish ^{[15
]}

Miller, A. A. ^{[20
,21
,22
]}

Prince, Thomas A. ^{[15
]}

Riddle, Reed ^{[23
]}

Sharma, Y. ^{[8
]}

Smith, Roger ^{[23
]}

Taddia, Francesco ^{[2
,18
]}

Taggart, Kirsty ^{[9
]}

Walters, Richard ^{[23
]}

Yan, Lin ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, 234 Herzl St, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[2] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[3] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3,IP2I Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

[4] CALTECH, IPAC, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[5] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel

[6] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[7] Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, 468 Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[8] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, MC 249-17,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[9] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool Sci Pk,146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England

[10] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[11] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[12] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[13] Univ Washington, DIRAC Inst Dept Astron, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[14] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[15] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[16] Dept Phys & Astron, Watanabe 416,2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[17] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[18] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

[19] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[20] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA

[21] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA

[22] Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA

[23] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, MC 249-17,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2021年 / 912卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; SHOCK BREAKOUT; LOW-RESOLUTION; CORE-COLLAPSE; SPECTROGRAPH; SPECTRA; OUTBURST; LINES;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/abef05

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the material spatial extent is compact and implies an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of the estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.

引用

页数：20

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