Using machine learning to estimate survival curves for patients receiving an increased risk for disease transmission heart, liver, or lung versus waiting for a standard organ

Introduction Over 19% of deceased organ donors are labeled increased risk for disease transmission (IRD) for viral blood-borne disease transmission. Many potential organ recipients need to decide between accepting an IRD organ offer and waiting for a non-IRD organ. Methods Using machine learning and simulation, we built transplant and waitlist survival models and compared the survival for patients accepting IRD organ offers or waiting for non-IRD organs for the heart, liver, and lung. The simulation consisted of generating 20 000 different scenarios of a recipient either receiving an IRD organ or waiting and receiving a non-IRD organ. Results In the simulations, the 5-year survival probabilities of heart, liver, and lung recipients who accepted IRD organ offers increased on average by 10.2%, 12.7%, and 7.2%, respectively, compared with receiving a non-IRD organ after average wait times (190, 228, and 223 days, respectively). When the estimated waitlist time was at least 5 days for the liver, and 1 day for the heart and lung, 50% or more of the simulations resulted in a higher chance of 5-year survival when the patient received an IRD organ versus when the patient remained on the waitlist. We also developed a simple equation to estimate the benefits, in terms of 5-year survival probabilities, of receiving an IRD organ versus waiting for a non-IRD organ, for a particular set of recipient/donor characteristics. Conclusion For all three organs, the majority of patients are predicted to have higher 5-year survival accepting an IRD organ offer compared with waiting for a non-IRD organ.