This study presents the alternating diet as a new strategy in combating obesity and metabolic diseases. Lean or obese mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for five days and switched to a regular diet for one (5 + 1), two (5 + 2), or five (5 + 5) days before switching back to HFD to start the second cycle, for a total of eight weeks (for prevention) or five weeks (for treatment) without limiting animals' access to food. Our results showed that animals with 5 + 2 and 5 + 5 diet alternations significantly inhibited body weight and fat mass gain compared to animals fed an HFD continuously. The dietary switch changed the pattern of daily caloric intake and suppressed HFD-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and chronic inflammation, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated fatty liver. Alternating diet inhibited HFD-induced hepatic Ppar gamma-mediated lipid accumulation and activated the expression of Ppar alpha and its target genes. Alternating diet in the 5 + 5 schedule induced weight loss in obese mice and reversed the progression of metabolic disorders, including hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. The results provide direct evidence to support that alternating diet represents a new intervention in dealing with the prevalence of diet-induced obesity.
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Schenk, Simon
Saberi, Maziyar
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Saberi, Maziyar
Olefsky, Jerrold M.
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Su, Dongming
Coudriet, Gina M.
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机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Coudriet, Gina M.
Kim, Dae Hyun
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Kim, Dae Hyun
Lu, Yi
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Lu, Yi
Perdomo, German
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Perdomo, German
Qu, Shen
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机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Qu, Shen
Slusher, Sandra
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Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Slusher, Sandra
Tse, Hubert M.
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机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Tse, Hubert M.
Piganelli, Jon
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Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Piganelli, Jon
Giannoukakis, Nick
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机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Giannoukakis, Nick
Zhang, Jian
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机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Zhang, Jian
Dong, H. Henry
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
机构:Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
Suganami, Takayoshi
Ogawa, Yoshihiro
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h-index: 0
机构:
Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Int Res Ctr Mol Sci Tooth & Bone Dis, Global Ctr Excellence Program, Tokyo 1138510, JapanTokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Schenk, Simon
Saberi, Maziyar
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Saberi, Maziyar
Olefsky, Jerrold M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Su, Dongming
Coudriet, Gina M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Coudriet, Gina M.
Kim, Dae Hyun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Kim, Dae Hyun
Lu, Yi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Lu, Yi
Perdomo, German
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Perdomo, German
Qu, Shen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Qu, Shen
Slusher, Sandra
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Slusher, Sandra
Tse, Hubert M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Tse, Hubert M.
Piganelli, Jon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Piganelli, Jon
Giannoukakis, Nick
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Giannoukakis, Nick
Zhang, Jian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Zhang, Jian
Dong, H. Henry
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAChildrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Div Immunogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
机构:Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
Suganami, Takayoshi
Ogawa, Yoshihiro
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Int Res Ctr Mol Sci Tooth & Bone Dis, Global Ctr Excellence Program, Tokyo 1138510, JapanTokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Med & Metab, Med Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan