Temporal and regional variability of Arctic sea-ice coverage from satellite data

With rapid and accelerated Arctic sea-ice loss, it is beneficial to update and baseline historical change on the regional scales from a consistent, intercalibrated, long-term time series of sea-ice data for understanding regional vulnerability and monitoring ice state for climate adaptation and risk mitigation. In this paper, monthly sea-ice extents (SIEs) derived from a passive microwave sea-ice concentration climate data record for the period of 1979-2015, are used to examine Arctic-wide and regional temporal variability of sea-ice cover and their decadal trends for 15 regions of the Arctic. Three unique types of SIE annual cycles are described. Regions of vulnerability within each of three types to further warming are identified. For the Arctic as a whole, the analysis has found significant changes in both annual SIE maximum and minimum, with -2.41 +/- 0.56% per decade and -13.5 +/- 2.93% per decade change relative to the 1979-2015 climate average, respectively. On the regional scale, the calculated trends for the annual SIE maximum range from + 2.48 to -10.8% decade(-1), while the trends for the annual SIE minimum range from 0 to up to -42% decade(-1).