Mobile Applications for Self-management of Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Objectives: Since apps have been gaining popularity, they are also used to support the treatment of chronic diseases. However, the effectiveness of these measures has not been fully confirmed. This review deals with features that make these apps effective. Methods: In this structured literature survey, relevant studies from the year 2014 to 2019 were identified. Inclusion criteria were that the study included an app that was used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases or was intended to support the preventive treatment of patients. Results: Ten studies were examined in detail, of which seven found significant effects. Factors, which increase the effectiveness of mHealth apps include easy integration into everyday life, appropriate training of users, tailoring the app to the target group, focusing on improving the relationship between user and disease, and user-specific treatment of symptoms. Tracking of symptoms, education, and a chat can also increase effectiveness. Conclusions: Most of the papers reviewed showed a positive impact of mobile apps on chronic disease progression. However, a negative factor was also identified, in which patients became more involved with their illnesses as a result of the intervention, which increased the perceived severity of the illness and thus reduced the quality of life.