Glycolytic inhibition by mutation of pyruvate kinase gene increases oxidative stress and causes apoptosis of a pyruvate kinase deficient cell line

Objective. SLC3 is a Friend erythroleukemic cell line established from the Pk-1(slc) mouse, a mouse model of red blood cell type-pyruvate kinase (R-PK) deficiency. This study was aimed to elucidate the mechanisms attributing to apoptosis induced by R-PK deficiency. Materials and Methods. SLC3 and a control Friend cell line, CBA2, were cultured in a condition of glucose deprivation or supplementation with 2-deoxyglucose, and apoptosis was detected by annexin V. We established two stable transfectants of SLC3 cells with human R-PK cDNA, and examined the effect of R-PK on an apoptotic feature by cell cycle analysis. Intracellular oxidation was measured with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. DNA microarray analysis was performed to examine gene-expression profiles between the two transfectants and parental SLC3. Results. SLC3 was more susceptible than CBA2 to apoptosis induced by glycolytic inhibition. The forced expression of R-PK significantly decreased cells at the sub G(0)/G(1) stage in an expression-level dependent manner. Microarray analysis showed that proapoptotic genes, such as Bad, Bnip3, and Bnip3l, were downregulated in the transfectants. In addition, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) and other antioxidant genes, such as Cat, Txnrd1, and Glrx1 were also downregulated. A significant decrease of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence was observed by R-PK expression. Preincubation with a glutathione precursor showed a significant decrease of apoptosis. Conclusion. These results indicated that glycolytic inhibition by R-PK gene mutation augmented oxidative stress in the Friend erythroleukemia cell, leading to activation of hypoxiainducible factor-I as well as downstream proapoptotic gene expression. Thus, R-PK plays an important role as an antioxidant during erythroid differentiation. (c) 2007 ISEH - Society for Hematology and Stem Cells. Published by Elsevier Inc.