Flood Risk Assessment of the Wadi Nu'man Basin, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (During the Period, 1988-2019) Based on the Integration of Geomatics and Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study

被引:22
作者
Abdelkarim, Ashraf [1 ]
Gaber, Ahmed F. D. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Minist Housing, Res Ctr, Urban Geog & Flood Risks, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
[2] Sohag Univ, Fac Art, Dept Geog, Sohag 82524, Egypt
[3] Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Coll Arts, Geog & GIS Dept, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
关键词
geomatics; wadi Nu'man basin; Mecca; hydraulic modelling; flood risk; urban areas; risk matrix; LAND-USE CHANGE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; URBANIZATION; RUNOFF; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; FREQUENCY;
D O I
10.3390/w11091887
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study aims to assess the impact of flash floods in the Wadi Nu'man basin on urban areas, east of Mecca, which are subjected to frequent floods, during the period from 1988-2019. By producing and analyzing the maps of the regions, an integrated approach to geomatics and hydraulic modelling is employed. The following maps are used: Flood-prone urbanity from 1988-2019, a flood risk map of Wadi Nu'man based on a risk matrix map, and a map of the proposed protection measures and alternatives in the study area. In order to achieve these goals, changes in the land use in the Wadi Nu'man basin were monitored by analyzing successive satellite images, taken by the US satellite, Landsat, in 1988, 1998, 2013, and 2019. Using a supervised classification, with the maximum likelihood method of ERDAS IMAGINE 2016, GIS was used in the production and analysis of soil maps, and geological and hydrological groups of drainage basins, as well as the hydrological model (HEC-HMS), were applied in calculating the hydrograph curve of the Wadi Nu'man basin. The flood water volumes and flow rates were estimated based on the SCS unit hydrograph, and the rain depth was analyzed and estimated for different periods. The hydraulic modeling program (HEC-RAS) was employed, when developing a two-dimensional model to calculate the speed, depth, and spread of the flood, in order to apply the risk matrix method. The recommendations based on this study give priority to the implementation of a flood prevention plan and the protection of infrastructure by maintaining the existing flood drainage facilities and establishing new drainage facilities to protect lives, property, and infrastructure.
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页数:32
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