Effective removal of bovine serum albumin and humic acid contaminants using poly (amide imide) nanocomposite ultrafiltration membranes tailored with GO and MoS2 nanosheets

Recently utilization of nanoparticle incorporated polymer membranes for water treatment is in significant consideration. Herein we present the individual effect of graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in altering the poly (amide imide) (PAI) membranes hydrophilicity and thereby its separation efficiency and antifouling ability. The GO was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to probe the existence of GO and MoS2 in PAI nanocomposite membranes. Contact angle (CA), pure water flux (PWF), water uptake, and porosity were measured to evaluate the enhancement in hydrophilicity of nanocomposite membranes. Top surface and cross-section morphology of the membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifouling capacity of the membranes was evaluated by fouling experiments using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) fouling agents. PAI-MoS2 nano composite membranes demonstrated better results in enhancing the membrane performance viz., superior PWF (105.6 Lm(-2)h(-1)), water uptake (80%) and porosity (21.2%), BSA and HA rejection (95.8 and 93.2%), FRR (90.5%), and slightly reduced hydraulic resistance (R-m) and more reduced CA (64.8 degrees) than that of PAI-GO nanocomposite membranes. The highly flexible and ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with greater interaction between Mo and S atoms causes larger macrovoids in the bulk, and the sandwiched structure of MoS2 causes greater permeation. GO also improved PAI matrix to some extent due to its oxygen containing functional groups however several desirable and versatile characteristics of the MoS2 makes the PAI-MoS2 UF membranes as superior performer.