Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma - a Role in Patients with Para-aortic Lymph Node Involvement? A 10-year Institutional Experience

Aims: Overall survival and progression-free survival with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma have been described as 66% and 58%, respectively, at 5 years. Para-aortic lymph node involvement significantly increases the risk of relapse and death. The role of additional chemotherapy in these patients is as yet undefined. This aim of the present study was to determine the outcome of a cohort of para-aortic lymph node-positive patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by extended-field chemoradiation compared with patients treated with extended-field chemoradiation without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and methods: We reviewed patients with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2014 stage IB1-IVA cervical carcinoma who received extended-field radiotherapy in addition to standard pelvic chemoradiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, at University College London Hospital (January 2007 to January 2018). Patients in open clinical trials were excluded. Results: Overall, 47 patients (15.8% of 298 eligible patients) with pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph node-positive cervical carcinoma received extended-field radiotherapy. Nineteen patients (40.4%) had both neoadjuvant chemotherapy (all received six cycles) and extended-field radiotherapy (median 44 days); 28 (59.6%) patients received extended-field radiotherapy alone (median 43 days). All patients completed radical radiotherapy within 49 days. We observed evidence that patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extended-field radiotherapy had a lower risk of death (median follow-up 4.8 years, three deaths) compared with extended-field radiotherapy alone (median follow-up 3.0 years, 11 deaths; hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.08-1.00; P = 0.05). Three-year overall survival rates were 83.3% (95% confidence interval 66.1-100) and 64.6% (95% confidence interval 44.6-84.6), respectively. A PFS benefit was seen (hazard ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.77; P = 0.02), with 3-year PFS rates of 77.8% (95% confidence interval 58.6-97.0) and 35.0% (95% confidence interval 14.0-56.0), respectively. Conclusions: Our institutional experience suggests that the use of additional systemic therapy before chemoradiotherapy benefits patients with locoregionally advanced (FIGO 2018 IIIC2) cervical cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with longer overall survival and PFS, without compromising definitive extended-field chemoradiation. (C) 2021 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.