[1] Univ Malaysia Perlis, Fac Chem Engn Technol, Perlis, Malaysia
[2] Univ Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer & Green Technol, Ctr Excellent Cegeotech, Perlis, Malaysia
[3] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Mat & Mineral Resources Engn, Engn Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
[4] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Chem Sci, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia