Determination of ultratrace amounts of copper (II) in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction

A novel approach was developed for the determination of ultratrace amounts of copper in water samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) after cloud point extraction (CPE). 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol was used as the chelating reagent and Triton X-114 as the micellar-forming surfactant. CPE was conducted in a pH 8.0 medium at 40 degrees C for 10 min. After the separation of the phases by centrifugation, the surfactant-rich phase was diluted with 1 mL of a methanol solution of 0.1 mol/L HNO3. Then 20 mu L of the diluted surfactant-rich phase was injected into the graphite furnace for atomization in the absence of any matrix modifier. Various experimental conditions that affect the extraction and atomization processes were optimized. A detection limit of 5 ng/L was obtained after preconcentration. The linear dynamic range of the copper mass concentration was found to be 0-2.0 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation was found to be less than 3.1% for a sample containing 1.0 ng/ml, Cu(II). This developed method was successfully applied to the determination of ultratrace amounts of Cu in drinking water, tap water, and seawater samples.