Therapeutic effect of kaempferol on atopic dermatitis by attenuation of T cell activity via interaction with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1

Background and Purpose Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid widely investigated in various fields due to its antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, but few studies have shown its inhibitory effect on T cell activation. This study examined the therapeutic potential of kaempferol in atopic dermatitis by modulating T cell activation. Experimental Approach Effects of kaempferol on T cell activation and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in Jurkat cells and mouse CD4(+) T cells. A model of atopic dermatitis in mice was used to determine its therapeutic potential on T cell-mediated conditions in vivo. Western blots, RT-PCR, pulldown assays and ELISA were used, along with histological analysis of skin. Key Results Pretreatment with kaempferol reduced CD69 expression and production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-2 from activated Jurkat cells and murine CD4(+) T cells without cytotoxicity. Pulldown assays revealed that kaempferol physically binds to MRP-1 in T cells, inhibiting the action of MRP-1. In activated T cells, kaempferol suppressed JNK phosphorylation and the TAK1-IKK alpha mediated NF-kappa B pathway. Oral administration of kaempferol to mice showed improved manifestation of atopic dermatitis, a T cell-mediated condition. Western blot results showed that, as in the in vitro studies, decreased phosphorylation of JNK was associated with down-regulated MRP-1 activity in vivo, in the kaempferol-treated mice in the atopic dermatitis model. Conclusion and Implications Kaempferol regulates T cell activation by inhibiting MRP-1 activity in activated T cells, thus showing protective effects against T cell mediated disease in vivo.