Treating Age-Related Diseases with Somatic Stem Cells

Life expectancy in the developed world has advanced beyond the number of years in which healthy tissue homeostasis can be maintained, and as a result, the number of persons with severe and debilitating chronic illnesses, including cancer, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease has continued to rise. One of the key underlying causes for the loss in the ability to replenish damaged tissues is the qualitative and quantitative decline in somatic stem cell populations. A concerted effort to understand why aging adult stem cells fail to maintain "stem" potential while simultaneously developing new strategies and therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse age-dependent stem cell decline is required to improve the overall healthspan of our rapidly aging population. This review focuses on what drives stem cell dysfunction with age, the contribution of stem cell dysfunction in driving aging and therapeutic approaches using stem cells to treat aging.