The Grape Phylloxera Genome Sequencing Project

In the framework of the International Aphid Genomics Consortium (IAGC) and the i5K initative, the Phylloxera Genomics Initiative proposes the sequencing of the grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) genome through an integrated approach. Currently, DNA sequencing and pre-assembly of an Australian lineage have been obtained by performing a single lane of HiSeq2000 sequencing. This resulted in a low coverage of the genome and a low N50 for scaffolds (903 bp). In the meantime, a genome sequence of a French lineage (Bordeaux) is currently processed. In addition to genomic sequences, we generated a large scale collection of transcript sequences by performing high throughput transcriptomes for both gall and leaf feeding individuals. The annotation of this transcriptome has already identified 17,372 proteins among which 12,617 were predicted to be complete. The phylloxera genome revealed a markedly higher AT content compared to the pea aphid (which has already an AT-rich genome). Knowledge of the genome of the phylloxera will improve our understanding of many of the specific biological features of this invasive pest. The present project will also provide essential comparisons between aphid (in the broad sense) genomes and an extraordinary resource for understanding major features of aphid evolution, such as the rapid radiation after host shifting from gymnosperms to angiosperms.