Consumption of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-rich dried fruits is associated with reduction in urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine: a randomized clinical trial

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is widely presented in foods and produced through the degradation of hexoses and the Maillard reaction. This study aimed to investigate any association between 5-HMF content of consumed dried fruits and urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The study consisted of 75 healthy volunteers. After an overnight fasting, two urine samples were collected before and 5 h after consumption of date, apricot, currant, plum and fruit bread, 100 g each. Twenty-five samples from frequently consumed types of dried fruits were analyzed for 5-HMF with HPLC. Urinary 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (HMFA) and 8-OHdG were determined using HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The amount of 5-HMF in the tested samples varied from 314.8 +/- A 166.1 to 2496.3 +/- A 2301.2 mg/kg. The lowest and highest levels of 8-OHdG were 10.1 +/- A 1.5 A mu g/g creatinine for plum and 24.7 +/- A 6.6 A mu g/g creatinine for date. At the two time points, mean HMFA levels varied from 630.6 +/- A 114.5 to 2116.8 +/- A 600.3 and 286.7 +/- A 24.8 to 582.0 +/- A 119.2 (A mu g/g creatinine), respectively. There was a significant difference in HMFA amounts of the samples before and after consumption of apricot and plum (P < 0.05). Overall, an inverse association was observed between 5-HMF contents of consumed dried fruits and changes of 8-OHdG (r = -0.41, P < 0.01). Also, there was a straight relationship between changes of HMFA and changes of 8-OHdG for all the fruits tested (r > 0.66, P < 0.01). It is concluded that consumption of 5-HMF-rich dried fruits is associated with a significant reduction in urinary excretion of 8-OHdG.