The article summarizes the literature data on polymer synthesis by olefin and acetylene metathesis in ionic liquid media-salts in the liquid state-at room temperature or close to it. The features and methods of optimization of polymerization process in ionic media, including those using ionic catalysts are discussed. The possibility of multiple use of ionic solvents and catalysts dissolved in them is demonstrated. Data on the polymerization of ionic monomers and the prospects for using ionic polymers obtained by metathesis polymerization are presented.