Impact of Swiss agricultural policies on nitrate leaching from arable land

被引:22
作者
Decrem, M. [1 ]
Spiess, E. [1 ]
Richner, W. [1 ]
Herzog, F. [1 ]
机构
[1] Agroscope Reckenhollz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
cross-compliance; groundwater pollution; LEACHMN; nitrate; nitrogen; non-point source pollution; VARIABLE CROPPING HISTORY; DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL; CLAY LOAM SOILS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; FERTILIZER RATE; COVER CROPS; CATCH CROP; MODEL; TRANSPORT;
D O I
10.1051/agro:2007012
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
From 1993 onwards, various policy measures aiming at reducing nitrogen ( N) losses were introduced in Swiss agriculture. We studied the impact of these measures on nitrate leaching under arable land in the Fehraltorf catchment near Zurich. Because of the well- drained soils, the shallow water table and the intensive agricultural activity, the groundwater in this catchment is highly vulnerable to nitrate pollution. N fluxes and transformations on the field scale were simulated using the deterministic model LEACHMN. Following the calibration of the model with a dataset from a long- term lysimeter experiment, simulations were run for the period 1998 - 2003. As far as possible, field- specific management data from farmers' control sheets were used as input. Average nitrate leaching in the period 1998 - 2003 was estimated to amount to 39 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). The conditions before the introduction of the policy measures were simulated in three scenarios with a higher use of both mineral N fertiliser and animal manure and 50% less or no catch crops. We found that lowering mineral N fertiliser and manure application by about 25% led to an average decrease in nitrate leaching of 10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). Doubling the catch crop area yielded a further decrease of 6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) on average. Altogether, the implementation of reduced N fertiliser inputs and increased use of catch crops proved to be effective and led to a mean reduction in N leaching of 29% ( 16 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) for the arable land in the Fehraltorf catchment.
引用
收藏
页码:243 / 253
页数:11
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