Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging

被引：59

作者：

Carapeto, Priscila Viana ^{[1
]}

Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard Med Sch, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Beta Cell Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA

来源：

AGING-US | 2021年 / 13卷 / 10期

关键词：

exercise; aging; AMPK; type; 2; diabetes; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; NF-KAPPA-B; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; PHYSICAL-EXERCISE; DNA-DAMAGE;

D O I：

10.18632/aging.203051

中图分类号：

Q2 [细胞生物学];

学科分类号：

071009 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.

引用

页码：14522 / 14543

页数：22

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